Liquid-cooled nozzle arrangement for combustion chambers of jet propulsion apparatus



Nov. 9, 1948. LUBBOCK l 2,453,378

y LIQUID-cool@ NozzLE ARRANGEMENT Fon coMBUs'rIoN CHAMBERS 0F JET PRoPULsIoN APPARATUS Filed July '7, 1943 15m Lubbock Mm Patented Nov. 9, 1948 UNrr-ED"y STATE `s PATENT oFFlci-z 'LIQUID-coctel) NozzLa ARRANGEMENT I ron. coMnUs'noN CHAMBERS or mr PROPULSION APPARAT'U Isaac Lubbock. Great St.'` Helens, London, England, a

pany Limited, London, England Application July 7, 1943,-Serial No. 493,800 In Great Britain November 7.11941 (Cl. Bil-48) This invention relates to .iet propulsion apparatus having a combustion chamber in which a liquid fuel isl burnt with an oxidant in liquid form such as liquid oxygen, liquid air, liquefied nitro-` gen peroxide, nitric or perchloric acid or the like.

According'to the invention a central spraying` nozzle for'the fuel is combined with an. annular l outer nozzle fior the liquid oxidant.

The central 'spraying nozzle for the fuel lis preferably of the well-known form embodying a vrtex chamber fed under pressure to give an open spray while surrounding it is an annular passage carrying the oxidant and in virtue Vof the setting of the annular gap providing meter- 'ing means to ensure the correct proportions of fuel to oxidant. The outer annularpass'age' preferably tapers inwards across the outer face of the fuel nozzle to give a spray which by itself forms a node first -in front of the centre -of the fuel nozzle, expanding again vfrom this node to fuel nozzle keeps it cool against the flame radiation. 1

Additional cooling means may be provided by a cooling medium such as water, passed through passages or a coil in or about the head in which the nozzles aremounted. Such cooling medium may be discharged into the combustion chamber to intermingle with the flame products.

The cooling means is preferably devised so that the cooling medium will pass over a surface to be cooled in the vicinity of the combustible ingredients discharged from the nozzle, at a far higher speed than that equivalent to the quantity of cooling medium which is discharged into the combustion chamber if the fluid were` fed in an ordinary manner. For this purpose the cooling medium is introduced tangentially at a high velocity by passing it through a constriction into a Jacket mounted within `the combustion chamber so as to surround a space immediately in advance of the nozzle. v The jacket may be of substantially triangular form in -cross section.

so that the cooling surface is disposed substantially in the form of a cone, the cooling medium being introduced tangentially atA high velocity into an apex of the triangular cross sectional form of the jacket corresponding to the wider "for the passage out products.

saigner to The` Asiatic Petroleum Com- 2 of the jacket of a predetermined amount of cooling medium toenter' a combustion chamber in the lrei'zion of the nozzle and to intermingle at that point with the llame The invention is. illustrated by way offexample in the accompanying drawing which, is 'a sectional elevation of the head of a combustion chamber in which a liquid fuel is burnt with an oxidant in liquid form.

Referring to the drawing, i indicates the head of the shell of the combustion chamber pro'per. 2 indicates refractory lining withinthe combustion chamber shell. The parts I and 2 are shown broken away. The combustion chamber may be constructed generally as described in British Patent No. 578;007.

To the head of the combustion chamber proper is fixed the nozzle and its associated inlet ducts. The nozzle comprises the central spray nozzle' into which the liquid fuel is fed tangentially at d to produce a vortex in the known manner. The fuel inlet to the nozzle is fromv the duct 5 and the outlet from the nozzle into the combustion chainber is through the opening B. v

Surrounding the central nozzle 3 is an oute member 1 which leaves an annular passage la so that a conical cooling surface I0 is exposed to the space in which the flame products are generated. The cooling medium is introduced at high velocity into the jacket through the tangential port Il which is located at the remote cornerof part of the cone so that the cooling medium in provide for the discharge of cooling medium into the combustion chamber to intermingle with the flame products.

By virtue of the high velocity of rotation of the cooling medium within the Jacket. and notwithstanding the limited quantity which is discharged into the combustion chamber, a high rate of cooling'is provided whereby the nozzle is enabled andere to withstand the extremely high temperatures involved.

I claim:

1. In apparatus of the class described for burn triangular form in cross section so that the cool-- chamber comprising a vortex chamber fed under pressure to provide an open spray. an outer nozzle forming an annular passage around .the central nozzle for admitting liqui oxidant to said chamber. said annular passage tapering inwardly toward its outlet Lto said combustion chamber to provide a convergent spray o1 oxidant directed ing surface is disposed substantially in the form of a lcone, means for introducing the cooling medium tangentially at high velocity into an apex of the triangular cross sectional form of the jacket corresponding to the wider part oi the cone so that the cooling medium in the jacket will rotate with a high velocity, orifices in the narrow part of the cone being provided for thepassage out of the jacket of a predetermined amount of cooling medium to enter the combustion chamber in the region of the nozzle and to intermingle at that point with the'iiame products.

2. I n apparatus of the class described for burning a liquid fuel with a liquid oxidant in'a combustion chamber, the combination of a central nozzle for admitting the liquid fuel to said chamber comprising a vortex chamber fed under pressure to provide an open spray, an outer nozzle forming an annular passage around said central nozzle for admitting liquid oxidant to said chamber, a jacket mounted within said chamber/so as to surround a space in iront of the nozzles and being of substantially triangular form in cross section so that the cooling surface is disposed substantially in the form of a cone. means for introducing the cooling medium tangentially at high velocity into an apex of the triangular cross sectional form of the jacket corresponding to the wider part of the cone so that the cooling medium in the jacket will rotate with a high velocity; orifices being provided in the narrow part of the cone for the passage out of the jacket f a predetermined amount of cooling medium to enter the combustion chamber in the region of the nozzles and to intermingle at thatpoint with the dame products.

3. In apparatus of the class described for buming a liquid fuel with a liquid oxidant in a combustion chamber, the combination of a central nozzle for. admitting the liquid fuel to said on the spray of iuel from said central nozzle, a jacket mounted within said chamber so as to surround a space in front of the nozzles and being of substantially triangular form in cross section soy thatI the cooling surface is disposed substantially in the form of a cone, means for introducing the cooling medium tangentially at high velocity into an apex of the triangular cross sectional form of the jacket corresponding to the wider-part oi v the cone so that the cooling medium in the jacket will rotate with a high velocity, orifices being provided in the narrow part of the cone for the passageout oi the Jacket of a predetermined amount of cooling medium to enter the combustion chamber in the region of the nozzles and to intermingle at that point with the flame products.

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Italy May 15,1931 

